• Location: Bharatvarsh 

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• EVIDENCE: Patan, Gujarat

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• Rani-ki-Vav, also known as the Queen's Stepwell, is an 11th century stepwell located in Patan, Gujarat. It is believed to have been constructed around 1050 AD by Queen Udayamati, the widowed wife of King Bhimdev I, in memory of the king. The stepwell is one of the grandest and most elaborate in Gujarat, with construction dating back to 1063–1068 AD. Rani-ki-Vav, on the banks of the Saraswati River, was initially built as a memorial to a king in the 11th century AD. Stepwells are a distinctive form of subterranean water resource and storage systems on the Indian subcontinent, and have been constructed since the 3rd millennium BC.

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• EVIDENCE: Chand Baori, Rajasthan

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• Chand Baori, located in the Abhaneri village of Rajasthan, is considered to be one of the oldest surviving stepwells in India. It was built by King Chand of the Nikumbh Dynasty between 800 and 900 AD.

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• Modern Science Connection: Rainwater harvesting systems echo the Ancient Science Practice of stepwells, as mentioned in Rigved and various Puranas.